Evaluation of Penman-Monteith Model Based on Sentinel-2 Data for the Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration in Vineyards

Water scarcity is one of the most important problems agroecosystems in Mediterranean and semiarid areas, especially for species such as vineyards that largely depend on irrigation. Actual evapotranspiration (ET) a variable represents water consumption crop, integrating climate biophysical variables. models based remote sensing data from visible bands Sentinel-2, including Penman-Monteith–Stewart (RS-PMS) Penman-Monteith–Leuning (RS-PML), were evaluated at different temporal scales Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard (Vitis vinifera L.) located central Chile, their performance compared with independent ET measurements an eddy covariance system (EC) outputs thermal infrared Landsat 7 8, Mapping EvapoTranspiration high Resolution Internalized Calibration (METRIC) Priestley–Taylor Two-Source Model (TSEB-PT). The RS-PMS model showed best goodness fit all evaluated, instantaneous daily ET, root mean squared error (RMSE) 28.9 Wm?2 0.52 mm day?1, respectively, Willmott agreement index (d1) values 0.77 scale 0.7 scale. Additionally, both approaches RS-PM incorporating soil evaporation estimation method, considering content (fSWC) other hand, using ratio accumulated precipitation equivalent (fZhang), achieving fSWC method relative (%RMSE) 15.2% comparison to 58.8% fZhang. Finally, relevance was highlighted assessment monitoring drip irrigation terms crop coefficient (Kc) estimation, which methods commonly used planning, yielding comparable Kc obtained by EC tower bias around 9%.